What are the characteristics of activated carbon?

(1) Strong adsorption capacity

This is the most well-known characteristic of activated carbon. Its adsorption process can be divided into physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Physical adsorption is based on van der Waals forces between molecules, which have a relatively weak force and thus the adsorption process is not firm and reversible. When the temperature rises, the adsorbate can easily desorb. However, its range of action is relatively large. If the thickness of the adsorption layer exceeds one molecule, a multi-molecular layer adsorption will form. At the same time, there is also electrostatic attraction between activated carbon and solutes, which further enhances the physical adsorption effect. Chemical adsorption originates from the action of chemical bond forces. The chemical bond force is strong, enabling the adsorbate to be firmly fixed on certain active sites of activated carbon and not easily detached. It has poor reversibility and the adsorbed substance often undergoes chemical reactions and changes its properties. Chemical adsorption is selective and only occurs between specific atoms, and only forms a single-molecule adsorption layer. Through these two adsorption methods, activated carbon can adsorb gases, organic substances in solutions, certain inorganic substances, and colloidal particles, etc.

(2) Good chemical stability

The chemical properties of activated carbon are very stable, which enables it to maintain its own performance in various complex environmental conditions. It is resistant to acids, alkalis, and heat, insoluble in water and organic solvents, and can therefore function in different pH levels and temperature environments, with a wide range of applications.

(3) Reusable

After use, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon will gradually decrease. However, through specific methods such as heat treatment and chemical treatment, its adsorption performance can be restored, achieving repeated use. This characteristic not only reduces the usage cost but also reduces resource waste, conforming to the concept of sustainable development.